Schematic showing the signalling pathway leading to IL-1β and IL-18 production upon JEV infection in microglia.

<p>NLRP3 is the key PRR involved in the identification of JEV intracellularly in a microglia. The NLRP3 interacts with an adaptor molecule, ASC and recruits pro-caspase-1 forming a biochemical complex termed as inflammasome. In response to JEV, NLRP3 cleaves pro-caspase-1 into its active form, caspase-1. Caspase-1 then cleaves the inactive pro-forms of IL-1β and IL-18 to their mature forms which are then secreted out. ROS and K<b>⁺</b> efflux are the host derived danger signals that are critical for the formation of NLRP3 biochemical complex during JEV infection.