Farnesylation incompetent lamin Dm mutants do not localize efficiently to nuclear lamina and nuclear envelope.

<p>Localization of fusion GFP-lamin Dm and mutant proteins after 24 h (A) and 48 h (B) post-transfection into HeLa cells visualized under a confocal microscope and quantitative analyses of appearance of the particular phenotypes. Cells were stained for DNA with DAPI, for endogenous lamin A/C with mouse monoclonal antibodies Jol-2 and for lamin C alone with rabbit affinity purified antibodies. Staining with secondary antibodies was with goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies conjugated with TRITC and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies conjugated with Cy-5 respectively. Lamin Dm S²⁵E and T⁴³⁵E were visualized by eGFP fluorescence. Single confocal Z-sections are shown through the center of nuclei. All typically observed phenotypes are shown for lamin Dm T⁴³⁵E mutant. Note the localization of lamin Dm T⁴³⁵E in the cytoplasm only.