GSL-1 treatment inhibits ADM-induced renal failure due to podocyte injury in an iNKT-dependent manner.

<p>BALB/c WT or iNKT-deficient (Jalpha18^−/−) mice were injected at day 0 with 10 mg/kg of adriamycin (ADM) or treated concomitantly with ADM and 5 µg/mouse GSL-1 (ADM+GSL-1). (A) As a result of ADM cytotoxicity, the mice lost body weight in a time-dependent fashion, in contrast to the control, untreated mice, and the GSL-1-treated group. (B) The increased proteinuria/creatininuria found in the ADM group at day 7 post-ADM injection reflects impaired renal function compared with the control and ADM+GSL-1 animals. These data indicate a renoprotective effect of GSL-1 treatment. (C) The albuminuria levels found in ADM animals reflect the podocyte injury due to ADM cytotoxicity. In contrast, the albuminuria/creatininuria ratio in the ADM+GSL-1 group was comparable to that in the control animals, indicating podocyte conservation. The GSL-1 treatment failed to protect Jalpha18^−/− mice from ADM-induced renal injury, showing that its renoprotective effect is iNKT-dependent (D and E). * p<0.05 vs. control; # p<0.05 vs. ADM.