The change in percentage cover of turf-forming algae (final – initial measurement) that were transplanted from ambient conditions* to different combinations of Kelp (present <i>v.</i> absent), Nutrients (ambient <i>v.</i> elevated) and CO₂ (current <i>v.</i> future).

<p>* Ambient conditions = turfs growing in canopy gaps under ambient concentrations of nutrients and CO₂.