Knockdown of TRAF6 impaired the CTX-induced muscle regeneration.

<p>(A–D) Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of adult mice were injected with 30 µl of 10 µM CTX. One day after CTX injection, the GFP-siRNA and TRAF6-siRNA mixed with liposome were injected into the left and right injured TA muscles respectively once per day. TA muscles were collected at day (D) 3 and day 5 after CTX injection. The total RNA, muscle sections, or WCEs were prepared and subjected to RT-qPCR (A), hematoxylin-eosin staining (B), immunostaining (C), or SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis (D). The number of myofibers with central nuclei (B) or the number of eMHC-positive myofibers (C) was calculated from five different microscopic fields. The results were presented as mean+s.d. CTX: cardiotoxin. eMHC: embryonic MHC.