Changes in height, weight, head circumference, and MUAC z-scores with age in HIV-exposed infants.

<p>Effects of tenofovir exposure on the different outcomes were similar adjusting for other factors at birth in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001217#pmed-1001217-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>; these cannot confound the relationship between growth and tenofovir exposure as there were no significant differences in these factors according to in utero tenofovir.</p>a<p>Would expect mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 0 (one) in a normal population: baseline is birth for weight and head circumference for age, week 12 for MUAC for age, and week 48 for height for age.</p>b<p>Predicted z-scores estimated from the fixed-effects population average fitted model at the ages above and back-transformed into sex-specific weights using the z-score formula.</p>c<p>Median (IQR) per child with 0% or ≥90% in utero tenofovir exposure same as the whole group.</p>d<p>Identical changepoints identified using profile log-likelihood as for the whole group.</p>e<p><i>p</i>-Value from a 2 degree of freedom (df) Wald test (1 df for head circumference) comparing time trends before and after changepoint.</p>f<p>Driven by estimated small decline in height for age from 48–120 wk (and greater height for age at 48 wk) in those with ≥90% tenofovir in utero exposure (<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001217#pmed-1001217-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>): <i>p</i> = 0.38 comparing height-for-age trajectories after 120 wk.</p>g<p><i>p</i>-Value from a 3 df Wald test (2 df for head circumference).