Ammonium inhibits autophagy induction in aa-starved cells of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.

<p>Western-blot analysis of Atg8p levels present in: (A) wild-type (WT) aa-starved or N-starved cells, upon transfer to water or water with 0.5% (NH₄)₂SO₄; and in (B) WT and <i>tor1Δ</i> aa-starved cells, upon transfer to water or water with 0.5% (NH₄)₂SO₄. (C) Survival of aa-starved cells of wild-type and <i>tor1</i>Δ mutant, upon transfer to water or water with 0.5% (NH₄)₂SO₄. In all the cultures, starting cell density was about 3.8×10⁷ cells/ml and the initial pH was adjusted to 7.0. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3–4). (C) <i>P</i><0.001 (H₂O <i>vs</i> 0.5% (NH₄)₂SO₄). Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA.