Phylogenetic relationships of the sampled titanosaur taxa (underlined in red) and outgroup taxa (black box) and body size evolution in Titanosauria.

<p>For the reconstruction of body size evolution, we used femur length as a proxy for body size and optimized it on the only phylogeny that includes all the taxa discussed in this study <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036907#pone.0036907-CurryRogers1" target="_blank">[10]</a>. <i>Europasaurus</i> was inserted into this phylogeny as a basal macronarian <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036907#pone.0036907-Sander6" target="_blank">[20]</a>. <i>Magyarosaurus</i>, <i>Lirainosaurus</i>, and <i>Europasaurus</i> show autapomorphic size decrease, i.e., dwarfing. <i>Phuwiangosaurus</i> also has a slightly reduced body size compared to the stem line, while <i>Ampelosaurus</i> shows a slight phylogenetic size increase. Character optimization analysis was performed in TNT <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036907#pone.0036907-Goloboff1" target="_blank">[41]</a>.