Multivariate-adjusted least-squares (LS) means of <i>z</i> score of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and relative LTL difference by categories of modifiable risk factors in women.

*<p>Model 1 was adjusted for age at blood draw and its quadratic term, postmenopausal status (yes, no), hormone replacement therapy (never, past, current), use of aspirin (<1 tablet/wk, 1–2 tablet/wk, 3–6 tablet/wk, 7–14 tablet/wk, 15+ tablet/wk), case-control status in each original studies (yes, no), and family history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or cancer (yes, no).</p>†<p>Based on model 1, these modifiable risk factors were mutually adjusted for, i.e., we mutually controlled for smoking status (never smoked, past smoker, or current smoker), body mass index (<18.5 kg/m², 18.5–24.9 kg/m², 25.0–29.9 kg/m², or ≥30 kg/m²), moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥150 minutes/week, 60–149 minutes/week, <60 minutes/week, or 0 minutes/week), AHEI diet score (in quartiles), and alcohol use (≥2 drinks/day, 1 drink/week to <2 drinks/day, <1 drink/week, or non-user).</p>‡<p>% Difference measures the change of standardized LTL for each category in proportion to the standardized LTL of the reference category for each factor after multivariate adjustment.</p>¶<p>AHEI diet score summarized intakes of <i>trans</i> fat, polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, ratio of chicken and fish to red meat, fruits, vegetables, soy, nuts, cereal fiber, and multivitamin use.