Innate immune genes are upregulated in PCA.

<p>Real-time PCR validation of (A) <i>TLR4,</i> (B) <i>TLR6,</i> (C) <i>IFNα</i>, (D) <i>IFNα7,</i> (E) <i>NFkB,</i> (F) <i>IFNγ</i>, (G) <i>MMD</i> and (H) <i>MCP1</i> in mixed (DC, DF), neutrophilic (TF, FD) and lymphocytic (FFA, LPP, CCCA) PCA. These genes are significantly upregulated in affected tissue compared to unaffected tissue from the same patients (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). The unpaired <i>t-</i>test was used for statistical analysis. Differences in the pattern of expression of these genes were observed in the different PCA subtypes. (I) IPA identified the interferon signaling pathway or the “interferon-responsive signature” in the gene expression profiles of LPP. The intensity of the node color red indicates the degree of upregulation, and the intensity of the color green indicates the degree of downregulation. Genes shown as uncolored nodes were not identified as differentially expressed in our experiment and were integrated into the computationally generated networks based on the evidence stored in the IPA knowledge base, which indicated a relevance to this network. The node shapes denote enzymes, phosphatases, kinases, peptidases, transmembrane receptors, cytokines, transporters, translation factors, nuclear receptors and transcription factors. The interferon target genes <i>IRF1, IRF8, IFNA5, IFNAR2, IFIT3</i>, <i>IFITM1, MX1, OAS1</i> and <i>IFI35</i> are significantly upregulated in LPP. See also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0038449#pone.0038449.s006" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.