CD40 and CD3 induced cytokine phenotypes differ and galectin-9 alters the production level.

<p>CD4^loCD40⁺ T cells were sorted from 7–20 weeks old female NOD spleens. Cells were either isotype treated, CD40- or CD3-stimulated in the absence/presence of indicated concentrations of galectin-9 (gal-9; µg/ml) for 3 days then cytokines were measured. Bar graphs depict means with SEM. Asterisks denote significant differences determined by one-way Anova; * – P between 0.01 and 0.05; ** – P <0.01; *** – P <0.001. Measurements were done on four individual mice of different ages.