Quantification of relative expression in different genotypes of <i>Myzus persicae</i> exposed to pirimicarb.

<p>Graphs represent the relative mRNA expression in aphids sprayed with pirimicarb in comparison to control (water). Data were normalized for interclonal variation using GADPH expression levels. Green bars correspond to the genotype S (sensitive), Yellow corresponds to the genotype SR (simple resistant) and red bars correspond to the genotype MR (multiple resistant). Same color bars represent the time after insecticide spraying, with left bar = 20 hours and right bar = 30 hours. Data are shown as mean ± SE of two independent experiments, with three technical replicates in each case. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 indicate a significant difference compared to 1, which was used as a reference value for no change in gene expression, using a <i>t-test</i>. Gene abbreviations: (A) <i>cathepsin B–N</i>, <i>cathepsin B clade N</i>; (B) <i>HSP-70, heat shock protein 70</i>; (C) <i>G protein</i>, <i>Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein</i>; (D) <i>GST</i>, <i>glutathione S-transferase</i>; (E) <i>Esterase</i>, <i>carboxylesterase type E4/FE4</i>; (F) <i>CYP6CYP3</i>, <i>cytochrome p450 family CYP6CYP3</i>; (G) <i>CYP4</i>, <i>cytochrome p450 family CYP4</i>.