<i>meso</i>-Tetrakis(<i>p</i>-sulfonatophenyl)N-Confused Porphyrin Tetrasodium Salt: A Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy

A water-soluble derivative of N-confused porphyrin (NCP) was synthesized, and the photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) application was investigated by photophysical and <i>in vitro</i> studies. High singlet oxygen quantum yield in water at longer wavelength and promising IC₅₀ values in a panel of cancer cell lines ensure the potential candidacy of the sensitizer as a PDT drug. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on PDT in MDA-MB 231 cells and the apoptotic pathway of cell death was illustrated using different techniques