Effects of the ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) on oxidative-stress resistance of wild-type (WT) <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> N2.

<p>(A) Dose response for juglone exposure. Synchronized WT L1 larvae were pretreated with the RMDE (1, 10, and 50 µg/mL) or 0.1% DMSO as the solvent control for 72 h at 20°C. Subsequently, adult worms were subjected to oxidative-stress assays. For the oxidative-stress assays, RMDE-treated (<i>n = </i>100) and control (0.1% DMSO, <i>n = </i>100) adult worms were exposed to 0, 10, 50, 100, 150, 150, 250, and 500 µM juglone for 3.5 h at 20°C and then scored for viability. (B) Survival of RMDE-treated and control adult worms exposed to 250 µM juglone for 3.5 h at 20°C. The test was performed three times. Error bars represent the standard error, and differences compared to the control (0 µg/mL, 0.1% DMSO) were considered significant at <i>p</i><0.05 (*), <i>p</i><0.01 (**) by one-way ANOVA and the LSD post-hoc test.