Quantitative effects of confinement on cell-cycle abnormalities.

<p>(a) Summary of experimental data in terms of abnormalities per cell cycle characterized by: multi-daughter divisions, asymmetric divisions, apoptotic divisions, and divisions lasting for more than 140 minutes. (b) Multi-daughter divisions per cell cycle characterized as divisions producing more than two daughter cells. Error bars are SEP. (c) Asymmetric divisions are characterized by daughter cells having a difference greater than 15% in area. Error bars are SEP. (d) Cell deaths per cell cycle are characterized by cells that cease activity and contract prior to completion of mitosis. Error bars are SEP. (e) Comparing the mitosis duration of the high confinement (Δy = 3 µm, <i>E</i> = 130 kPa) condition to control and both low confinement conditions. Error bars are SEM. (f) Summary of divisions in each case completing division within 140 minutes. For high confinement E = 1 MPa, no data (ND) was available as no completed mitosis events was observed. Error bars are SEP.