Expression analysis of TMSB4X.

<p>(A) TMSB4X mRNA is significantly increased in <i>Ptf1a^+/Cre;Kras^+/G12D (CK)</i> mice compared to wild type control (<i>p</i> = 0.01, n = 8 vs. 6 mice). Expression levels are normalized to wild type. Error bars indicate the standard deviations normalized to the mean of the wild type. (B) Staining for TMSB4X on tissue samples from 10–30 week old <i>CK</i> mice (n = 10) shows expression in PanINs (arrowhead) but not in acinar (asterisk) cells (i). High-grade mPanIN3 express TMSB4X (ii). Expression in human PanIN3 (iii) and human PDAC (iv) is also detectable. Scale bars represent 50 µm. (C) ELISA for TMSB4X from serum samples of wild type and <i>CK</i> mice (n = 7 vs. 14 mice). The serum concentration of TMSB4X is significantly upregulated in <i>CK</i> mice (<i>p</i> = 0.043, Wilcoxon test). (D) ELISA for TMSB4X from serum samples of PDAC and CP patients as well as healthy donors. Medians are marked by red lines.