Effect of Hydrogen Bonds on p<i>K</i>_a Values: Importance of Networking

The p<i>K</i>_a of an acyclic aliphatic heptaol ((HOCH₂CH₂CH­(OH)­CH₂)₃COH) was measured in DMSO, and its gas-phase acidity is reported as well. This tertiary alcohol was found to be 10²¹ times more acidic than <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol in DMSO and an order of magnitude more acidic than acetic acid (i.e., p<i>K</i>_a = 11.4 vs 12.3). This can be attributed to a 21.9 kcal mol^–1 stabilization of the charged oxygen center in the conjugate base by three hydrogen bonds and another 6.3 kcal mol^–1 stabilization resulting from an additional three hydrogen bonds between the uncharged primary and secondary hydroxyl groups. Charge delocalization by both the first and second solvation shells may be used to facilitate enzymatic reactions. Acidity constants of a series of polyols were also computed, and the combination of hydrogen-bonding and electron-withdrawing substituents was found to afford acids that are predicted to be extremely acidic in DMSO (i.e., p<i>K</i>_a < 0). These hydrogen bond enhanced acids represent an attractive class of Brønsted acid catalysts