Laser scanning confocal micrographs of rachis sections, exhibiting secondary cell wall thickening, due to: a) HCAAs (blue fluorescence) and b) flavonoids (yellow fluorescence).

<p>RP is resistant NIL with <i>F. graminearum</i> (pathogen) inoculation, RM is resistant NIL with mock inoculation, SP is susceptible NIL with <i>F. graminearum</i> inoculation, SM is susceptible NIL with mock inoculation, mx is meta xylem, px is protoxylem, ph is phloem, c is cortical cells.