GWAS Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci on 6p21.32 and 21q21.3 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

<div><p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified <em>KIF1B</em> as susceptibility locus for hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To further identify novel susceptibility loci associated with HBV–related HCC and replicate the previously reported association, we performed a large three-stage GWAS in the Han Chinese population. 523,663 autosomal SNPs in 1,538 HBV–positive HCC patients and 1,465 chronic HBV carriers were genotyped for the discovery stage. Top candidate SNPs were genotyped in the initial validation samples of 2,112 HBV–positive HCC cases and 2,208 HBV carriers and then in the second validation samples of 1,021 cases and 1,491 HBV carriers. We discovered two novel associations at rs9272105 (<em>HLA-DQA1</em>/<em>DRB1</em>) on 6p21.32 (OR = 1.30, <em>P</em> = 1.13×10⁻¹⁹) and rs455804 (<em>GRIK1</em>) on 21q21.3 (OR = 0.84, <em>P</em> = 1.86×10⁻⁸), which were further replicated in the fourth independent sample of 1,298 cases and 1,026 controls (rs9272105: OR = 1.25, <em>P</em> = 1.71×10⁻⁴; rs455804: OR = 0.84, <em>P</em> = 6.92×10⁻³). We also revealed the associations of <em>HLA</em>-<em>DRB1*0405</em> and <em>0901*0602</em>, which could partially account for the association at rs9272105. The association at rs455804 implicates <em>GRIK1</em> as a novel susceptibility gene for HBV–related HCC, suggesting the involvement of glutamate signaling in the development of HBV–related HCC.</p>