Effect of physalin F on viability in human renal cancer cells.

<p>Renal cancer cell lines (A498, ACHN, and UO-31) were treated with various concentrations (0.3, 1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) for 24 hr for MTT assay (A) and for 48 hr for SRB assay (B) in A498 cells. A498 cells were treated with vehicle or physalin F at the indicated concentration (1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) for 24 hr and viewed by fluorescence microscope followed by TUNEL (C) and DAPI (D) staining (magnification × 400). (E) To quantitatively evaluate cell death after treatment of physalin F for 24 hr, we used cell death ELISA^PLUS kit to detect. Data are expressed as the mean percentage of control ± S.D. of three independent experiments. **^{, ##, &&}<i>P</i><0.01 and ***^{,###, &&&}<i>P</i><0.001 compared with the control group.