Kinetics of expression changes for B cell signature genes and analogue appearance of B cells in newly induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) after influenza infection of C57BL/6J mice.

<p>(A) Gene expression changes of B cell signature genes compared to mock-infected mice (Spearman’s rho ≥0.85 except for <i>B3gtn5</i>). (B) Expression of signaling molecules associated with induction of secondary lymphoid organs precedes BALT formation in the lung. Values are given in expression fold changes compared to mock-infected mice. Numbers behind the gene names indicate the initial log₂ expression values mock-infected control mice at day 2, 4, 14 after treatment. Please note that in this figure all signature genes are depicted, even if they did not exhibit a more than two-fold increase of gene expression during infection. (C) Histological sections stained for expression of B220 indicating the newly formed BALT at days 5, 10 and 14 p.i. Gene names: UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 (<i>B3gnt5</i>); B lymphoid kinase (<i>Blk</i>); CD19 antigen (<i>Cd19</i>); CD22 antigen (<i>Cd22</i>); CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha) (<i>Cd79a</i>); CD79B antigen (<i>Cd79b</i>); chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 (<i>Cxcr5</i>); Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 3 (<i>Faim3</i>); chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (<i>Ccl19</i>); chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21A (serine) (<i>Ccl21a</i>); chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (<i>Cxcl13</i>); intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (<i>Icam1</i>); interleukin 7 (<i>Il7</i>); mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (<i>Madcam1</i>); tumor necrosis factor (<i>Tnf</i>); tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 (<i>Tnfsf11</i>); tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b (<i>Tnfsf13b</i>); vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (<i>Vcam1</i>).