Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for studies meeting inclusion criteria.

<p>A score of 0 indicates “no”; a score of 1 or 2 indicates “yes”. Studies scoring ≥67% were considered high methodological quality, 34%–66% were considered moderate methodological quality, and ≤33% were considered low methodological quality. Given that the distribution of possible confounders in randomised controlled trials is related to chance alone, randomised controlled trials were not assessed for confounding.</p><p>ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable.