Double immunofluorescence staining of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in infiltrating CD3 T-lymphocytes and macrophages.

<p>IL-10^−/− mice showed signs of inflammation with strong accumulation of CD3 T-lymphocytes and macrophages (Mø) in the mucosal and submucosal layer in the colon with high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Only single-cytokine–positive CD3 T-lymphocytes and macrophages were observed in the layers of the colon from WT mice. The dashed line separates the epithelial layer from the connective tissue of the submucosal layer. Double immunofluorescence staining presents as mostly white in the overlay (instead of yellow) as an amalgamation of green and red due to the background staining with DAPI (blue). Representative cells are marked with arrows. Shown are representative images of three independent experiments.