Putative biosynthesis pathways for hypericin (A), hyperforin (B), and melatonin (C) in <i>Hypericum perforatum</i>.

<p>Dashed box within (B) occurs in animals. Hyp-1, <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> phenolic oxidative coupling protein; MEP pathway, non-mevalonate pathway; MAT, dimethylallyltranstransferase; AS I, anthranilate synthase I; AS II, anthranilate synthase II; PAT, phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase; PAI, phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; IGPS, indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase; TSA, Tryptophan synthase alpha chain; TSB, Tryptophan synthase beta chain; TDC, tryptophan decarboxylase; TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase; ORCA3, octadecanoid-derivative responsive <i>Catharanthus</i> AP2-domain protein 3; DXS, 1-D-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; CMS, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-<i>C</i>-methyl-D-erythritol synthase; CMK, 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-<i>C</i>-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; MCS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; HDS, (<i>E</i>)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase; IDS, isopentenyl-diphosphate:NAD(P)⁺ oxidoreductase; IPI, isopentenylpyrophosphate isomerase; GPPS, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; GPP, geranyl diphosphate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-Derythritol-4-phosphate; CDP-ME, 4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-Derythritol; CDP-MEP, 2-phospho-4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-C- methyl-Derythritol; Me-cPP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4, cyclodiphosphate; HMBPP, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl- 2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.