Negative regulation of <i>sNPF/NPY</i> by insulin signaling.

<p>(A, B) Insulin treatment increased FoxO1 phosphorylation and decreased <i>NPY</i> expression in mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells while insulin with AKT inhibitor co-treatment slightly decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased <i>NPY</i> expression. (C) Insulin with AKT inhibitor co-treatment increased <i>sNPF</i> expression in fly neuronal BG2-c6 cells. (D, E) <i>sNPF</i> expression (D) and food intake (E) were decreased in adult flies overexpressing <i>Dilp2</i> in IPCs (<i>Dilp2>Dilp2</i>) and overexpressing <i>insulin receptor</i> (<i>InR</i>) in <i>sNPFR1</i> neurons (<i>sNPFR1>InR^WT</i>), while <i>sNPF</i> mRNA and food intake increased when <i>InR</i> was suppressed in <i>sNPFR1</i> neurons (<i>sNPFR1>InR^DN</i>). (F) Fasting (at 24 h) reduces <i>Dilp3, and Dilp 5</i> mRNA but not <i>Dilp2</i> mRNA. Data are presented as means ± s.e.m. from three independent experiments. <i>*P</i><0.05 (One-way ANOVA analysis).