NLRP3 inflammasome activation by EMCV.

<p>(A) BMMs were infected with EMCV or influenza virus PR8 in the presence or absence of LPS at an MOI of 1.5. (B) LPS-primed BMMs were infected with EMCV at the indicated MOIs. (C) Immunoblot analysis of the mature (p17) form of IL-1β in the supernatants (Sup) and pro-IL-1β in extracts (Cell) of LPS-primed BMDCs infected with EMCV. (D) LPS-primed BMDCs were treated with EMCV, influenza virus PR8 or ATP in the presence or absence of yVAD-CHO. (E) LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells stably expressing shRNA against NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, or EGFP mRNAs were infected with EMCV or influenza virus PR8. Cell-free supernatants were collected at 24 h after infection and analyzed for IL-1β or IL-6 by ELISA. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments, and indicate the mean ± S.D. (A, B, D, and E). **, <i>P</i><0.01; ***, <i>P</i><0.001.