The protective effect of pertussis toxin (PT) is independent of the activation of specific kinases.

<p>(<b>a</b>) Caspase-3 activity in rat hepatocytes treated with 50 μmol/L of GCDCA in the presence and absence of 200 nmol/L PT and with or without the inhibitors of ERK1/2- MAPK (10 μmol/L of U0126; U0), p38 MAPK (10 μmol/L of SB 203580; SB), PI3K (50 μmol/L of LY 294002; LY), PKC inhibitors (1 μmol/L of calphostin-C, 1 μmol/L of BSM-I).