Annual herbaceous-layer community change by disturbance type.

<p>Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination scores depicting relative changes in species composition by disturbance type and years since disturbance. Each vector represents the magnitude and direction of change for each plot from one to two years (<b>a</b>; 2007–2008) and two to three years (<b>b</b>; 2008–2009) after disturbance. The NMDS ordination was three-dimensional with a final stress 14.2 and instability <0.001 in 380 iterations. Only the two dominant axes are displayed (Axis 3: <i>r²</i> = 0.32; Axis 1: <i>r²</i> = 0.30) whereas the third axis (Axis 2: <i>r²</i> = 0.20) is excluded.