Apoptosis and proliferation levels in wing imaginal discs from third instar larvae.

<p>(A–J) Overexpression of the different versions of <i>d-</i>mtDNA helicase with the daughterless-Gal4 driver in wing imaginal discs. (A–E) Monoclonal anti-caspase 3 antibody was used for immunocytochemistry to assess apoptotic levels in lines expressing <i>d-</i>mtDNA helicase. (F–J) Monoclonal anti-phosphohistone 3 antibody was used for immunocytochemistry to evaluate cell proliferation levels in lines expressing <i>d-</i>mtDNA helicase. (K–L) Quantification of apoptosis and cell proliferation levels using a ubiquitous and constitutive driver (<i>da-GAL4</i>). Data represent the mean ± s.d., *<i>P</i>≤0.05, **<i>P</i>≤0.005 as compared with controls. (M–P) Overexpression of <i>d-</i>mtDNA helicase with the <i>engrailed</i> (<i>en-GAL4</i>) driver (posterior compartment, P) probed by staining with anti-caspase 3 antibody in third instar larvae’s wing imaginal discs. Overexpression of the K388A mutant shows an increase in apoptosis clusters when compared with the anterior, the control compartment. (M) <i>w;en-GAL4;UAS helicase^WT;</i> (N) <i>w;en-GAL4;UAS helicase^K388A;</i> (O) <i>w;en-GAL4;UAS helicase^W441C;</i> (P) <i>w;en-GAL4;UAS helicase^A442P.</i>