Increased IL-6 expression, activation of STAT3 in colon tissue, and S100A9 in isolated colonic epithelial cells (CECs), from a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) In control and DSS-treated mice at 6 or 12 days after DSS administration, colon tissues were homogenized using a tissue homogenizer. <i>IL-6</i> and <i>GAPDH</i> mRNA levels in each group of colonic tissue samples was analyzed by conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Data are representative of three independent experiments. (<b>B</b>) Activation of STAT3 (STAT3^PY705) in colon sections on day 6 from mice treated with 0% or 3% DSS was determined by immunohistochemistry. Scale bars = 100 µm. Data are representative of four independent experiments. (<b>C</b>) CECs from mice treated with 0% or 3% DSS were purified on day 6. Expressions of STAT3^PY705, total STAT3, and alpha-tubulin were analyzed by immunoblotting. Data are representative of four independent experiments. (<b>D</b>) CECs from mice treated with 3% DSS for 0, 6, or 12 days were prepared, and <i>S100A9</i> mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR data were analyzed by comparative C_t quantification. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations of values from six mice per group. <i>P</i> values were obtained using the two-tailed Student's <i>t-</i>test.