TNF-α protein production in intact and injured PNS, and its effects on SCs apoptosis.

<p>A, Demonstrated that TNF-α was detected by ELISA in the proximal nerves at 0, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h post-transection, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of TNF-α on SCs apoptosis after treatment for 12 h (B, D and F) and 24 h (C, E and G) were determined by western blots using cleaved caspase 3, Bcl 2 and Bax antibodies. Error bars indicate ±1 SEM.