Impact of Two Common Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D (XPD) Gene Polymorphisms on Risk of Prostate Cancer

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>DNA repair genes (eg: xeroderma pigmentosum group D, XPD) may affect the capacity of encoded DNA repair enzymes to effectively remove DNA adducts or lesions, which may result in enhanced cancer risk. The association between XPD gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility of prostate cancer (PCa) was inconsistent in previous studies.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>A meta-analysis based on 9 independent case-control studies involving 3165 PCa patients and 3539 healthy controls for <em>XPD Gln751Lys</em> SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and 2555 cases and 3182 controls for <em>Asn312Asp</em> SNP was performed to address this association. Meanwhile, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate this relationship. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA10.0. No significant association was found between <em>XPD Gln751Lys</em> SNP and PCa risk. On the other hand, in subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, associations were observed in Asian (eg. <em>Asn</em> vs. <em>Asp</em>: OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.16–1.55; <em>Asn/Asn+Asn/Asp</em> vs. <em>Asp/Asp</em>: OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.07–1.42) and African (eg. <em>Asn</em> vs. <em>Asp</em>: OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.01–1.70; <em>Asn/Asn</em> vs. <em>Asp/Asp</em>: OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.03–7.10) populations for <em>Asn312Asp</em> SNP. Moreover, similar associations were detected in hospital-based controls studies; the frequency of <em>Asn/Asn</em> genotype in early stage of PCa men was poorly higher than those in advanced stage of PCa men (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.00–2.11).</p> <h3>Conclusion/Significance</h3><p>Our investigations demonstrate that <em>XPD Asn312Asp</em> SNP not the <em>Gln751Lys</em> SNP, might poorly increase PCa risk in Asians and Africans, moreover, this SNPs may associate with the tumor stage of PCa. Further studies based on larger sample size and gene-environment interactions should be conducted to determine the role of XPD gene polymorphisms in PCa risk.</p>