Stable Localized sources underlie human atrial fibrillation.

<p><b>A</b>. Isochrones show an LA rotor in paroxysmal AF, with electrograms during AF (ECG lead I and CS electrodes; scale bar 1 second). Activation times are color-coded (black indicates non-activated, diastole). <b>B</b>. Spatially constrained migration locus of the rotational center, computed every 25–45 ms and joined using third-order Bézier curve fitting. <b>C</b>. Isochrones 90 minutes later, indicating temporal conservation of the rotor. <b>D</b>. Isochrones of a RA rotor in persistent AF. <b>E</b>. Migration locus. <b>F</b>. Isochrones 1 hour later. <b>G</b>. LA repetitive focal beat in paroxysmal AF. <b>H</b>. Conservation of focal beat 1 hour later. In each case, ablation only at the source locus terminated AF within <5 minutes. Scale bar 1 cm.