Upregulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ears of <i>Hyp-Duk/Y</i> mice.

<p>mRNA accumulation levels from genes, mainly in the TLR-mediated pathways, were measured by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR in the ear of <i>Hyp-Duk/Y</i> mutant (n = 4) and control (<i>+/Y</i>, n = 4) mice at P35. In contrast to the downregulated mRNA levels of <i>Phex</i> gene, transcription levels of genes in TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pathways (<i>Nfkb1, Ikkβ Ccl4, Ccl2, Il1b</i> and <i>Tnfα</i>) in the ears of <i>Hyp-Duk/Y</i> mice (dark bars) were significantly higher than levels in +<i>/Y</i> mice (light bars). The mRNA levels of <i>MyD88</i> and <i>Nod2</i> were not significantly altered in the mutant mice. Error bars represent the s.e. from the mean for each sample. (** <i>P</i><0.01; * <i>P</i><0.05).