TLR7 ligand treatment reduced spinal cellular infiltration, and spinal chemokines and cytokines of EAE mice.

<p>(A) Representative sagittal sections of lumbar spinal cords from vehicle-treated or 1V136-treated EAE mice. H&E stained sections are shown in the left panels (×40 original magnification) and the insets are shown at higher magnification (middle panels, ×200 original magnification). Areas of demyelination are indicated by the arrows in the LFB stained sections (right panels). Scale bars:100 µm. (B) The total number of infiltrating cells isolated from pooled spinal cords from vehicle-treated (Veh) or 1V136-treated (1V136) EAE mice (n = 5/group). The data shown are averages of three independent experiments ± SEM. <i>p</i><0.05 by Student t test. (C) 1V136 treatment reduced chemokine expression in the spinal cords in the EAE mice. Chemokine expression levels in the spinals cords were reduced in 1V136-treated EAE mice. RNA was extracted from pooled spinal cord samples collected from 1V136-treated (n = 4) or vehicle-treated (n = 4) mice. mRNA levels of IL-1β, KC, MCP-1 or MIP-1α were analyzed by qPCR methods. The data were normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA gene and are presented as arbitrary units. <i>p</i><0.05 by Student t test. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments that exhibited similar results. (D) The levels of CD80 and CD86 mRNA transcripts were also reduced in the spinal cords of 1V136 treated mice. Data are presented as arbitrary units as normalized to GAPDH. <i>p</i><0.05 by Student <i>t</i> test.