MGO increases markers of autophagy through ONOO

<p>⁻<b>generation.</b> A–C: The MGO-increased autophagy marker (Beclin 1) could be prevented by blocking ONOO⁻ formation. BAEC were incubated respectively with mTempol (1 mM for 1 h), L-NAME (1 mM for 1 h), and UA (100 µM for 1 h) prior to MGO (25 µM, 1 h) incubation. D: ONOO⁻ per se induced both autophagy markers. BAEC were incubated with ONOO⁻ (100 µM) for up to 8 h. Cells were collected for Western blotting with a rabbit derived Beclin-1 (or LC3B) antibody and a mouse derived β-actin antibody. All blots shown are representative of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs control (n = 3). NS: not significant vs control.