Phylogenetic relationship of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily.

<p>The DNA polymerase sequences of known human (black highlight) and macaque gammaherpesviruses were analyzed by maximum likelihood. <i>Lymphocryptovirus</i> genus: Human herpesvirus 4/Epstein-Barr virus (HHV4/EBV; YP_401712) and macaque lymphocryptovirus of <i>M. mulatta</i> (MmuLCV; AAK95475), <i>M. nemestrina</i> (MneLCV; unpublished data) and <i>M. fascicularis</i> (MfaLCV; AF534221); <i>Rhadinovirus</i> genus, RV1 lineage of Old World primate rhadinoviruses: human herpesvirus 8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8/KSHV; AAC57086) and macaque retroperitoneal fibromatosis herpesviruses of <i>M. mulatta</i> (RFHVMm; AAC57976), <i>M. nemestrina</i> (RFHVMn; AAF81662), and <i>M. fascicularis</i> (RFHVMf; AAN35122); and the RV2 lineage of Old World primate rhadinoviruses: macaque RV2 rhadinoviruses of <i>M. mulatta</i> (RRV; NP_570750), <i>M. nemestrina</i> (MneRV2; unpublished data), and <i>M. fascicularis</i> (MfaRV2; ABU52895). LCV, RV1 and RV2 gammaherpesviruses have been identified in other New and Old World non-human primates, including chimpanzee and gorilla (not shown). Although the existence of a novel RV2 rhadinovirus in humans (HHV9?) is predicted from an evolutionary perspective <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002962#ppat.1002962-Schultz1" target="_blank">[15]</a>, <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002962#ppat.1002962-Greensill1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, the virus has not yet been identified. The phylogenetic clustering of the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque rhadinoviruses reflects the close evolutionary relationship of their primate hosts <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002962#ppat.1002962-Hayasaka1" target="_blank">[51]</a>. The substitutions per site are indicated.