Deletion of <i>cchA</i>/<i>midA</i> affects cell wall components and resistance to cell wall–damaging agents.

<p>(A) Comparison of resistance towards cell wall–perturbing agents between <i>cchA</i>/<i>midA</i> deletion mutants and wild-type strain. A series of 2 µl 10-fold dilutions derived from a starting suspension of 10⁹ conidia ml⁻¹ as indicated were spotted onto MMPDR supplemented with 40 µg ml⁻¹ Calcofluor White and 400 µg ml⁻¹ Congo Red respectively and incubated at 37°C for 2 days. (B) The visualization of chitin stained with Calcofluor White (CFW). Spores were incubated onto coverslips covered with MMPDR, incubated at 37°C for 16 h. The mycelium of strains were stained with 5 µg ml⁻¹ CFW for 5 min. (C) Comparison of relative chitin and β-1, 3-glucan contents between wild-type and mutants. The experiment was performed in biological triplicate for statistical analysis. The significance was set at level *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 between mutants and wild-type strain. (D) Monitoring of the β-1, 3-glucan level of wild-type and Δ<i>cchA/</i>Δ<i>midA</i> strains using β-1, 3-glucan antibody by flow cytometry.