RNF-5 regulates autophagy in <i>C. elegans</i>.

<p>(A–C) Representative images of seam cells from L3 larvae expressing the GFP::LGG-1 transgene, and the average number of GFP::LGG-1 puncta in seam cells. Three to four independent experiments were performed for each condition. Error bars are ± SEM. P value was calculated using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. (A) <i>rnf-5(tm794)</i> larvae had an average of 5.53±0.49 puncta/cell compared to 2.11±0.30 puncta/cell in WT (36 cells from 9 <i>rnf-5(tm794)</i> larvae, and 46 cells from 10 WT larvae, p<0.0001). (B) <i>rnf-5(RNAi)</i>-treated worms had an average of 4.42±0.47 puncta/cell compared to 1.83±0.31 puncta/cell in control animals (77 cells from 15 <i>rnf-5(RNAi)</i> larvae and 64 cells from 17 control larvae, p<0.0001). (C) Animals grown constantly at 25°C: <i>hsp-16p</i>::<i>rnf-5</i> larvae had an average of 1.71±0.24 puncta/cell compared to 3.75±0.34 puncta/cell in the non-transgenic population (69 cells from 18 <i>hsp-16p</i>::<i>rnf-5</i> larvae, and 68 cells from 15 non-transgenic larvae, p<0.0001).