Effects of the MB and its derivatives on extracellular acidification rate (ECAR).

<p>(A) ECAR recording at baseline and subsequent addition of MB or its derivatives, oligomycin, FCCP, and rotenone. The initial 35 minutes establishes a baseline reading, followed by addition of drug at a concentration of 10 µM. Three subsequent injections followed consisting of 1 µg/ml oligomycin (complex V inhibitor), 300 nM FCCP (proton gradient uncoupler), and 100 nM rotenone (complex I inhibitor). After each injection, 4 time points were recorded with about 35 minutes between injections. (B) MB and TB decreased ECAR as compared to the vehicle control. 2-Chlorophenothiazine and chlorpromazine had no effect as compared to the control. NR, had no effect to vehicle on average, although a spike in ECAR values was observed after NR injection. (C) Oligomycin increased ECAR under all experimental conditions and was significantly reduced by MB, TB, and NR. (D) Injection of FCCP results in maximum cellular OCR with little effect on ECAR; MB, NR, and TB significantly decreased ECAR as compared to the vehicle control. (D) Rotenone inhibits complex I and decreases OCR without change in ECAR. MB, NR and TB caused ECAR to remain significantly less as compared to the vehicle control. * p<0.05 compared to control group.