Gal-9 secretion in naïve CD4 T cell culture upon TCR stimulation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Naïve CD4 T cells were cultured in Th17-skewing conditions, neutral conditions (TCR stimulation), or without stimulation for 96 h before released Gal-9 was measured using ELISA. (<b>B</b>) Same as (<b>A</b>), except that the cells were cultured under Th17-skewing conditions, neutral conditions, neutral conditions plus TGF-β1 (TGF-β1 alone), or neutral conditions plus IL-6 (IL-6 alone). (<b>C</b>) Gal-9 mRNA was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. (<b>D</b>) Gal-9 secretion in the presence of human stable Gal-9 (30 nM) was measured. The human protein was not detected by mouse Gal-9 ELISA (see text for details). All results are shown as the mean ± SEM of quadruplicates. <i>p</i><0.001 (***), <i>p</i><0.05 (*), not significant (NS). Representative data out of at least 2 experiments are shown.