Individual cell migration path on silk substrates.

<p>Migratory paths of individual HCLE cells on (A) glass control, (B) flat silk, (C) parallel (||) and (D) perpendicular (⊥) movement to the patterned silk topography over a 10-hour culture period (N = 4, n = 20). Color indicates time 0 (blue) to 10-hour (red) time points, and white dashed arrows indicate direction of the silk topography (scale bars = 200-µm). Singular cell migratory measurements for (E) total distance and straight distance measurements (†indicates p<0.05 when compared to culture substrates in similar groups, ‡indicates p<0.05 when compared to ⊥), (F) tortuosity values (†indicates p<0.05 when compared to control and ⊥ substrates), and (G) migration rate for singular cellular movement upon various substrates (†indicates p<0.05 when compared to all other substrates). (H) Cell sheet migration efficiency (η) for cultures migrating on the various substrates conditions (†indicates p<0.05 when compared to all other substrates). Error bars = SD for all graphs.