IL-1β is produced during acute West Nile Virus infection in humans.

<p>IL-1 in plasma of WNV infected (n = 43) and control subjects (n = 21). Plasma from blood donors testing positive for WNV RNA was collected at time-points from 7 to 180 days post-Index and was compared to control (cntrl) samples. Samples were then assessed for IL-1β (<b>A</b>) or IL-1ra (<b>B</b>). IL-1β correlates inversely with WNV load. The level of WNV RNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR for days 7, 14, 21, 30, and 42 post-index (<b>C, left axis</b>). Levels of IL-1β at days 7, 21, and 42 post-index are displayed (<b>C, right axis</b>). Middle bars represent the median for each group. * p<0.05, ** p<0.005, *** p<0.0005 values are reflective of significance compared to control samples. ns refers to not-significant. P value-inset (p<0.0001 (<b>A</b>), p = 0.003 (<b>B</b>)) is reflective of trend analysis comparing the trend in WNV⁺ blood donors over time post-infection. Dashed lines represent the minimum detectable concentration of the assay.