Infection of S2 cells with different <i>Leishmania</i> species and life cycle stages.

<p>A. Percentage of S2 cells infected after incubation with either <i>L. donovani</i> amastigotes or <i>L. major</i> late stationary phase promastigotes over a 24 hr time course. B. Comparison of infection levels of S2 cells and mammalian RAW264.7 macrophages incubated with late stationary phase <i>L. major</i> promastigotes. p = 0.0025; error bars in A and B indicate one standard error (SE). C. S2 cells infected with <i>L. donovani</i> amastigotes for 24 hr are stained with 1 µg/ml DAPI, 20 µg/ml propidium iodide; parasites were pre-labelled with 10 µM CFSE. D. S2 cells infected with <i>L. donovani</i> amastigotes (24 hr post infection) stained with anti-ARL8, a late endosomal/lysosomal marker. E. S2 cells expressing LAMP-GFP (green) infected with <i>L. donovani</i> amastigotes for 12 hr. C – E, scale bars, 10 µm. Arrows indicate intracellular parasites.