Alkaloid and Polyphenol fractions of Areca nut induce TGF-β signaling in HaCaT cells.

<p>Treatment of HaCaT cells with both the Alkaloid and Polyphenol fractions of areca nut water extract induced TGF-β signaling (p-SMAD2) and its down-stream target TGM2 as shown by the western blot (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0051806#pone-0051806-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3A</a>). Expression of TGF-β down-stream targets were also studied by Real Time PCR (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0051806#pone-0051806-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3B</a>) and semi quantitative PCR (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0051806#pone-0051806-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3C</a>). Induction of genes by alkaloid and polyphenol fractions of areca nut was compromised in presence of TβRI inhibitor (ALK5 inhibitor). (UN- untreated, WS- water supernatant, POL- Polyphenol supernatant, DCM- Dichloromethane fraction).