Biological Characteristics of tNSCs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Frequency of NSC sub-phenotypes after RA (10 µM) induction over time: 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-days at first, second, third, and fourth row, respectively. n: total cells counted. GRP: glial restricted precursors; NRP: neuronal restricted precursors; MNS: multipotent neural stem cells; and TGC: undetermined trophoblast giant cells. (<b>B</b>) Flow cytometric comparison of RA-induced nestin, GFAP, and neurofilament expressions between 3-day and 5-day. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). (<b>C</b>) Immunocytochemical identification of GRP, NRP and MNS with specific markers. (<b>D</b>) Expression of RA-associated genes before and after RA induction for 1-day by RT-PCR. (<b>E</b>) RA-induced overexpression of Nanog by flow cytomertic and (<b>F</b>) immunocytochemical analysis (n = 60 for each item) by Student <i>t</i>-test. (<b>G</b>) Withdrawal of LIF significantly promoted expression of Nanog induced by RA (10 µM) by flow cytometry. *: p<0.01 compared to the control. All data indicate mean ± SD (n = 3).