Phylogenetic analyses showing the unique status of plathyhelminth β-integrins.

<p>Phylogram of the analysis of the full-length sequences of the <i>S. mansoni</i> β-integrin receptor Smβ-Int1 and other β-integrin receptors using CLUSTAL X (<a href="http://www.clustal.org" target="_blank">www.clustal.org</a>) and TreeViewX. The phylogenetic relationship was deduced using the Bootstrap Neighbour-Joining (N–J) method and the bootstrap values were generated based on 1000 bootstrap trails with a random number generator seed of 100. Sequences were obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information using the WWW Entrez Browser (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>), Swiss-Prot (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org" target="_blank">www.uniprot.org</a>), GeneDB (<a href="http://www.genedb.org" target="_blank">www.genedb.org</a>), and the <i>Schmidtea mediterranea</i> Genome Database (<a href="http://smedgd.neuro.utah.edu/" target="_blank">http://smedgd.neuro.utah.edu/</a>). The corresponding protein accession numbers are: Dm bPS (β-integrin PS, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>; P11584), Bg b (β-integrin, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>; AF060203), Ce b-pat3 (β-integrin pat-3, <i>Ceanorhabditis elegans</i>; Q27874), Sp bL (β-integrin L subunit, <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>; NP_999731), Sp bG (β-integrin G subunit, <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>; NP_999732), Sp bC (β-integrin C subunit, <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>; AF0559607), Mm b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Mus musculus</i>; NP_034708.1), Rn b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>; NP_058718.2), Hs b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P05556), Gg b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Gallus gallus</i>; NP_001034343.2), Xl b2 (β-integrin 2 receptor, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>; NP_001080017.1), Hs b2 (β-integrin 2 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; NP_000202.2), Hs b7 (β-integrin 7 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; NP_000880.1), HS b3 (β-integrin 3 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P05106), Hs b5 (β-integrin 5 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P18084), Hs b6 (β-integrin 6 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P18564), Hs b 8 (β-integrin 8 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P26012), Gc b (β-integrin receptor, <i>Geodia cydonium</i>; O97189), Am b (β-integrin, <i>Acropora millepora</i>; AF005356), Hs b4 (β-integrin 4 receptor, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; P16144), Sha b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>S. haematobium</i>; Sha_105750), Sm b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>S. mansoni</i>; FR749886), Sjp b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>S. japonicum</i>; Sjp_0081260), Cs b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Clonorchis sinesis</i>; GAA31131.2), Em b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>; EmuJ_000528400), and Smed b1 (β-integrin 1 receptor, <i>Schmidtea mediterranea</i>; lcl|mk4.001280.01.01).