PIK3CA Genotype and a PIK3CA Mutation-Related Gene Signature and Response to Everolimus and Letrozole in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer

<div><p>The phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) pathway is commonly activated in breast cancer and aberrations such as PI3K mutations are common. Recent exciting clinical trial results in advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER) breast cancer support mTOR activation is a major means of estrogen-independent tumor growth. Hence the means to identify a responsive breast cancer population that would most benefit from these compounds in the adjuvant or earlier stage setting is of high interest. Here we study <em>PIK3CA</em> genotype as well as a previously reported PI3K/mTOR-pathway gene signature (<em>PIK3CA</em>-GS) and their ability to estimate the level of PI3K pathway activation in two clinical trials of newly diagnosed ER-positive breast cancer patients- a total of 81 patients- one of which was randomized between letrozole and placebo vs letrozole and everolimus. The main objectives were to correlate the baseline <em>PIK3CA</em> genotype and GS with the relative change from baseline to day 15 in Ki67 (which has been shown to be prognostic in breast cancer) and phosphorylated S6 (S240) immunohistochemistry (a substrate of mTOR). In the randomized dataset, the <em>PIK3CA</em>-GS could identify those patients with the largest relative decreases in Ki67 to letrozole/everolimus (R = −0.43, p = 0.008) compared with letrozole/placebo (R = 0.07, p = 0.58; interaction test p = 0.02). In a second dataset of pre-surgical everolimus alone, the <em>PIK3CA</em>-GS was not significantly correlated with relative change in Ki67 (R = −0.11, p = 0.37) but with relative change in phosphorlyated S6 (S240) (R = −0.46, p = 0.028). <em>PIK3CA</em> genotype was not significantly associated with any endpoint in either datasets. Our results suggest that the <em>PIK3CA</em>-GS has potential to identify those ER-positive BCs who may benefit from the addition of everolimus to letrozole. Further evaluation of the PIK3CA-GS as a predictive biomarker is warranted as it may facilitate better selection of responsive patient populations for mTOR inhibition in combination with letrozole.</p>