Renal function.

<p>A (male), B (female). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in individual <i>Hpt</i>/+ and +/+ mice. C (male), D (female). Urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) in individual <i>Hpt</i>/+ and +/+ mice. Renal function progressively declines in the <i>Hpt</i>/+ animals. BUN values are significantly elevated (p<0.05) in <i>Hpt</i>/+ male (A) and female (B) mice compared with sex-matched +/+ controls at all time points (unpaired two-tailed T-test with Welsh’s correction). Urinary ACR is significantly elevated (P<0.05) as early as one month of age in males (C) and by three months of age in females (D) (unpaired two-tailed T-test with Welsh’s correction).