Chemoreceptors of <em>Escherichia coli</em> CFT073 Play Redundant Roles in Chemotaxis toward Urine

<div><p>Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (UPEC). We hypothesize that chemotaxis toward ligands present in urine could direct UPEC into and up the urinary tract. Wild-type <em>E. coli</em> CFT073 and chemoreceptor mutants with <em>tsr</em>, <em>tar</em>, or <em>aer</em> deletions were tested for chemotaxis toward human urine in the capillary tube assay. Wild-type CFT073 was attracted toward urine, and Tsr and Tar were the chemoreceptors mainly responsible for mediating this response. The individual components of urine including L-amino acids, D-amino acids and various organic compounds were also tested in the capillary assay with wild-type CFT073. Our results indicate that CFT073 is attracted toward some L- amino acids and possibly toward some D-amino acids but not other common compounds found in urine such as urea, creatinine and glucuronic acid. In the murine model of UTI, the loss of any two chemoreceptors did not affect the ability of the bacteria to compete with the wild-type strain. Our data suggest that the presence of any strong attractant and its associated chemoreceptor might be sufficient for colonization of the urinary tract and that amino acids are the main chemoattractants for <em>E. coli</em> strain CFT073 in this niche.</p>